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1.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(1): 256-264, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-990649

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to explain the approaches and discussions about the Advance Healthcare Directives spread among health professionals, lawyers and society. Method: bibliographic search in the databases SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, in Portuguese, carried out from December 2017 to January 2018. Results: 22 articles were considered for analysis with interviews and testimonies of physicians, intensivists and geriatricians, nurses, technicians and Nursing auxiliaries, Medical students, lawyers and Law students. Conclusion: there is a small number of papers on the Advance Healthcare Directives in Brazil, and a wide range of approaches that have not yet been clarified. The theme is not widely spread and little clarified in its essence.


RESUMEN Objetivo: explicitar los enfoques y discusiones sobre las Directivas Anticipadas difundidas entre los profesionales de la salud, los abogados y la sociedad. Método: investigación bibliográfica realizada en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, en portugués, del diciembre 2017 hasta enero 2018. Resultados: se consideraron 22 artículos para el análisis con entrevistas y testimonios médicos, intensivistas y geriatras, enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares de Enfermería, estudiantes de Medicina, de Derecho y abogados. Conclusión: hay un pequeño número de trabajos sobre las Directivas Anticipadas en Brasil, y una amplia gama de enfoques poco elucidados. El tema sigue siendo poco difundido y poco esclarecido en su esencia.


RESUMO Objetivo: explicitar as abordagens e discussões sobre as Diretivas Antecipadas da Vontade difundidas entre os profissionais de saúde, advogados e a sociedade. Método: pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, em Língua Portuguesa, realizada no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Resultados: foram considerados 22 artigos para análise com entrevistas e depoimentos de médicos, intensivistas e geriatras, enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem, estudantes de Medicina, de Direito e advogados. Conclusão: há um pequeno número de trabalhos sobre as Diretivas Antecipadas da Vontade no Brasil, e uma ampla gama de abordagens ainda pouco elucidadas. O tema ainda é pouco difundido e pouco esclarecido em sua essência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Right to Die/ethics , Advance Directives/trends , Personal Autonomy , Decision Making
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(3): 338-346, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957429

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION Brazil has the largest number of snakebite cases in South America, of which the large majority is concentrated in the Midwest and North. METHODS In this descriptive observational study, we assessed the epidemiological and clinical snakebite cases referred to the Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia from September 2008 to September 2010. RESULTS We followed up 92 cases from admission until discharge, namely 81 (88%) men and 11 (12%) women, with a mean age of 37 years, and mainly from rural areas (91.3%). The snakebites occurred while performing work activities (63%) during the Amazon rainy season (78.3%). The vast majority of individuals presented from the Porto Velho microregion (84.7%). Approximately 95.6% of the snakebites were caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops, followed by two lachetics and two elapidics cases. Surgery was performed in 10 cases (9 fasciotomies in the lower limb and 1 amputation). No deaths were reported in this study, but 4 cases (4.3%) developed sequelae in the lower limb. CONCLUSIONS This study can contribute to a better understanding of envenomation in the state of Rondônia and thus can be useful for identifying real conditions that can increase the incidence of snakebites in this region. Moreover, the study results can serve as a basis for improving educational campaigns designed to prevent these types of snakebites, as well as for preserving snakes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Snake Bites/epidemiology , Seasons , Snake Bites/complications , Snake Bites/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Antivenins/administration & dosage , Epidemiologic Studies , Incidence , Elapidae , Bothrops , Disease Notification , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 41(1): 38-43, jan.-mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843596

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A Medicina Intensiva (MI) é uma especialidade que apresenta um déficit de profissionais qualificados com título em MI. Esse déficit se deve principalmente ao significativo aumento de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) nas últimas décadas. No Brasil, menos de 2% dos médicos possuem formação nessa especialidade. A legislação vigente preconiza um médico diarista/rotineiro com título de especialista em MI para cada dez leitos em cada turno. O Estado de Rondônia conta com 183 leitos de UTI e apenas 18 médicos intensivistas, segundo a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira. Esse quadro coloca em risco a qualidade do serviço em MI, principalmente para o usuário. O presente estudo buscou caracterizar o perfil de formação dos médicos intensivistas que atuam nas UTI dos hospitais da rede pública e privada do Estado de Rondônia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, com uso de questionário autoaplicável com perguntas sobre condições sociodemográficas e perfil profissional, do qual participaram 93 profissionais. Os resultados mostram que a maior proporção é do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 30 a 40 anos, com renda mensal acima de dez salários mínimos. Cerca de um terço relatou acúmulo de dois locais de trabalho, e menos de 20% atuam apenas em UTI. A maioria dos participantes atua em UTI pública e privada, e apenas 19,4% possuem especialização em Medicina Intensiva. A participação em eventos científicos foi significativa, mas apenas um em cada cinco participa de projeto de pesquisa, e um em cada quatro publica artigos científicos. O reduzido número de especialistas que atua nas UTI compromete a qualidade dos serviços de assistência prestados aos usuários. Esforços para correção dessa deficiência devem ser estimulados por meio do aumento da oferta de vagas do programa de residência médica local, visando à melhoria na qualidade da gestão e dos profissionais médicos que atuam nessas UTI.


ABSTRACT As a specialization, Intensive Care (IC) is currently experiencing a shortage of qualified professionals with the specific IC title. This shortage is mainly due to a significant increase in the number of beds in intensive care units (ICU) in recent decades, with less than 2% of physicians trained in this specialization in Brazil. The country’s legislation calls for one daytime/routine doctor specialized in IC for every 10 beds per shift, whereas, according to the Brazilian Intensive Care Association, the State of Rondônia only has 183 ICU beds and 18 intensive care physicians. This framework puts the quality of the IC service at risk, particularly for users. The following study sought to characterize the educational profile of intensive care physicians working in intensive care units (ICU) in public and private hospitals in state of Rondônia. Completed by 93 professionals, this transversal and quantitative study featured a self-administered questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic conditions and professional profiles. The results showed that the highest proportion were male and aged 30-40, with a monthly income over ten minimum monthly salaries. Approximately 1/3 reported working in two different places, and less than 20% worked exclusively in ICU. Most of the participants worked in public and private ICU, and only 19.4% were specialized in Intensive Care Medicine. Participation in scientific events was significant, but only 1 out of 5 took part in research projects, with only 1 out of 4 publishing scientific articles. The small number of experts working in ICU compromises the quality of care services provided to users. Efforts to correct this deficiency should be encouraged by increasing the vacancies offered on local residency programs, improving the quality of management, as well as providing better training for medical professionals working in ICU.

4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(5): 533-540, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766282

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Mucosal leishmaniosis (ML) is a severe clinical form of leishmaniosis. Complex factors related to the parasite and the host are attributed to the development of mucosal lesions. Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) can disrupt immune response, and may be the main determinant of severity of the disease; it should be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To study the existence of clinical differences between patients with ML with endosymbiosis by LRV1 and. those without it. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study with clinical evaluation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Leishmania, species classification, and search of LRV1 was performed. Only patients with confirmed diagnosis of ML by positive PCR and with nasal mucosa injuries were included in this analysis. RESULTS: Out of 37 patients, 30 (81.1%) were diagnosed with Leishmania braziliensis, five (13.5%) with Leishmania guyanensis, and two (5.4%) with mixed infection of L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis. LVR1 virus was present in 26 (70.3%) of the cases. CONCLUSION: Correlation between clinical phenotype and presence of LRV1 was not observed, although the frequency of the virus is two-fold higher in mucosal lesions than that found in the literature on skin lesions in the same geographical area.


RESUMO Introdução: A leishmaniose de mucosa (LM) é uma forma clínica grave da leishmaniose. Fatores complexos ligados ao parasita e ao hospedeiro são atribuídos ao desenvolvimento das lesões de mucosa. Leishmania RNA Vírus 1 (LRV1) pode subverter a resposta imune, podendo ser o principal determinante da gravidade da doença e deve ser pesquisado. Objetivo: Estudar a existência de diferenças clínicas entre pacientes portadores de LM com endosimbiose por LRV1 e as que não possuem. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal com avaliação clínica, detecção da Leishmania por técnica de PCR, classificação da espécie e pesquisa de LRV1. Foram incluídos na análise da pesquisa somente os pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de LM com PCR positivo, com lesão de mucosa nasal. Resultados: Dos 37 pacientes, 30 (81,1%) foram diagnosticados com L. braziliensis, 5 (13,5%) com L. guyanensis e 2 (5,4%) com infecção mista de L. braziliensis e L. guyanensis. O vírus LVR1 estava presente em 26 casos (70,3%). Conclusão: A correlação entre o fenótipo clínico e a presença do LRV1 não foi constatada, porém a frequência do vírus é duas vezes maior em lesão de mucosa do que encontrado em trabalho, da mesma região, sobre lesão cutânea.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Leishmania/virology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/virology , Leishmaniavirus/genetics , Nasal Mucosa/parasitology , RNA Viruses/genetics , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Leishmania/classification , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/genetics , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severity of Illness Index
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(4): 343-347, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761162

ABSTRACT

SUMMARYIn this study, Leishmaniaspecies were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The epidemiology of patients suspected of having American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Assis Brasil, Acre State, located in the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia triborder was also investigated. By PCR, the DNA of Leishmaniawas detected in 100% of the cases (37 samples) and a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of the hsp 70gene identified the species in 32 samples: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (65.6%) , L. (V.) shawi (28.1%) , L. (V.) guyanensis (3.1%) and mixed infection L. (V.) guyanensisand L. (Leishmania) amazonensis(3.1%)This is the first report of L. (V.) shawiand L. (L.) amazonensisin Acre. The two predominant species were found in patients living in urban and rural areas. Most cases were found in males living in rural areas for at least three years and involved in rural work. This suggests, in most cases, a possible transmission of the disease from a rural/forest source, although some patients had not engaged in activities associated with permanence in forestall areas, which indicate a possible sandflies adaptation to the periurban setting.


RESUMOO presente estudo caracterizou as espécies de Leishmaniapela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Também descreveu os aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose tegumentar americana do município de Assis Brasil, Estado do Acre, Brasil, localizado na tríplice fronteira Brasil/Peru/Bolívia. A PCR detectou DNA de Leishmaniaem 100% dos casos (37 amostras) e a PCR- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorfism(RFLP) do gene hsp 70identificou as espécies em 32 amostras: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (65,6%) , L. (V.) shawi (28,1%) , L. (V.) guyanensis (3,1%) e infecção mista L. (V.) guyanensise L. (Leishmania) amazonensis(3,1%)Esse é o primeiro registro de L. (V.) shawie L. (L.) amazonensisno Acre. As duas espécies predominantes foram encontradas em indivíduos residentes em áreas rurais e urbanas. O maior número de casos foi notificado entre indivíduos de áreas rurais, sexo masculino, de ocupação rural e tempo de residência maior que três anos. Esses dados sugerem possível transmissão da doença em ambiente rural/florestal na maioria dos casos, no entanto alguns pacientes não tinham envolvimento com atividades relacionadas com a permanência na floresta, indicando possível adaptação de flebotomíneos no ambiente periurbano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Leishmania/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Urban Population
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(3): 263-267, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752600

ABSTRACT

We conducted a survey of the malaria vectors in an area where a power line had been constructed, between the municipalities of Porto Velho and Rio Branco, in the states of Rondônia and Acre, respectively. The present paper relates to the results of the survey of Anopheles fauna conducted in the state of Rondônia. Mosquito field collections were performed in six villages along the federal highway BR 364 in the municipality of Porto Velho, namely Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã, and Extrema. Mosquito captures were performed at three distinct sites in each locality during the months of February, July, and October 2011 using a protected human-landing catch method; outdoor and indoor captures were conducted simultaneously at each site for six hours. In the six sampled areas, we captured 2,185 mosquitoes belonging to seven Anopheles species. Of these specimens, 95.1% consisted of Anopheles darlingi, 1.8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1.7% An. deaneorum, 0.8% An. konderi l.s., 0.4 An. braziliensis, 0.1% An. albitarsis l.s., and 0.1% An. benarrochi. An. darlingi was the only species found in all localities; the remaining species occurred in sites with specific characteristics.


Foi realizado levantamento de vetores de malária na área que compreende a construção da linha de transmissão entre os municípios de Porto Velho e Rio Branco, estados de Rondônia e Acre, respectivamente. Os dados aqui apresentados mostram os resultados do levantamento da fauna dos Anopheles realizado em Rondônia. As capturas foram realizadas no município de Porto Velho em seis aglomerados populacionais ao longo da rodovia federal BR 364, denominados Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã e Extrema. As capturas ocorreram em três diferentes pontos de cada uma das localidades nos meses de fevereiro, julho e outubro de 2011, seguindo a metodologia de coleta por atração humana protegida em dois ambientes, sendo no intradomicílio e no peridomicílio simultaneamente com duração de seis horas. Nas áreas amostradas foram capturados 2.185 anofelinos pertencentes a sete espécies de Anopheles sp. dos quais 95,1% foram identificados como Anophels darlingi, 1,8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1,7% An. deaneorum, 0,8% An. konderi l.s., 0,4 An. braziliensis, 0,1% An. albitarsis l.s., e 0,1% An. benarrochi. Anopheles darlingi foi a única espécie amostrada em todas as localidades enquanto as demais espécies, ocorreram em locais com características singulares.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anopheles/classification , Insect Vectors/classification , Brazil , Malaria/transmission , Population Density , Rural Population , Seasons
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(6): 493-497, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725812

ABSTRACT

Mosquito nets treated with long-lasting insecticide (LLINs), when used in compliance with guidelines of the World Health Organization, may be effective for malaria vector control. In 2012, approximately 150,000 LLINs were installed in nine municipalities in the state of Rondônia. However, no studies have assessed their impact on the reduction of malaria incidence. This study analyzed secondary data of malaria incidence, in order to assess the impact of LLINs on the annual parasite incidence (API). The results showed no statistically significant differences in API one year after LLIN installation when compared to municipalities without LLINs. The adoption of measures for malaria vector control should be associated with epidemiological studies and evaluations of their use and efficiency, with the aim of offering convincing advantages that justify their implementation and limit malaria infection in the Amazon Region.


O uso de mosquiteiros impregnados com inseticida de longa duração (MILD), quando obedecidas as orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, é medida de controle de vetores da malária que pode apresentar excelentes resultados. Em 2012 foram instalados aproximadamente 150.000 MILDs em nove municípios do estado de Rondônia. Concomitantemente não houve estudo de avaliação de impacto na redução da incidência. O presente estudo analisou dados secundários da incidência, na expectativa de avaliar o impacto dos MILDs na incidência parasitária anual (IPA). Os resultados estatísticos mostram que, no período de um ano após a instalação dos MILDs, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na variação da IPA em relação a outros municípios que não receberam os MILDs. A adoção de medidas de controle vetorial deve ser acompanhada de estudos epidemiológicos e de avaliação de uso e eficácia para oferecer subsídios mais robustos que justifiquem a adoção desta medida de controle da malária na Região Amazônica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Insecticide-Treated Bednets , Malaria/prevention & control , Mosquito Control/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Incidence , Malaria/epidemiology , Mosquito Control/instrumentation
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(4): 480-483, 03/07/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716308

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The prevalence (thick blood smear method) was 13.6% (147/1,078), higher in the Solimões River region (16.3%) than in the Tefé River region (6.3%). In the sampled communities in the Solimões River region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57). Males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31.292, p < 0.001) than women. Mansonella ozzardi prevalence was higher in retirees and farmers (28.9% and 27%, respectively). Prevalence also significantly increased with age (χ2 = -128.17, p < 0.001), with the highest numbers occurring in persons older than 67 years.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Insect Vectors , Mansonella , Mansonelliasis/epidemiology , Simuliidae , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Rural Population
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(5): 621-629, Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643747

ABSTRACT

In this study, we determined whether the treatment of asymptomatic parasites carriers (APCs), which are frequently found in the riverside localities of the Brazilian Amazon that are highly endemic for malaria, would decrease the local malaria incidence by decreasing the overall pool of parasites available to infect mosquitoes. In one village, the treatment of the 19 Plasmodium falciparum-infected APCs identified among the 270 residents led to a clear reduction (Z = -2.39, p = 0.017) in the incidence of clinical cases, suggesting that treatment of APCs is useful for controlling falciparum malaria. For vivax malaria, 120 APCs were identified among the 716 residents living in five villages. Comparing the monthly incidence of vivax malaria in two villages where the APCs were treated with the incidence in two villages where APCs were not treated yielded contradictory results and no clear differences in the incidence were observed (Z = -0.09, p = 0.933). Interestingly, a follow-up study showed that the frequency of clinical relapse in both the treated and untreated APCs was similar to the frequency seen in patients treated for primary clinical infections, thus indicating that vivax clinical immunity in the population is not species specific but only strain specific.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asymptomatic Infections , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Malaria, Vivax/drug therapy , Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Genotype , Incidence , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/diagnosis , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Population Surveillance
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(7): 955-959, Nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-534157

ABSTRACT

We surveyed areas of the state of Rondônia in western Amazon for phlebotomine, which are potential vectors of leishmaniasis. A total of 5,998 specimens were captured, resulting in the identification of 48 species within the Lutzomyia (99.98 percent) and Brumptomyia (0.02 percent) genera. The predominant species was Lutzomyia davisi, followed by Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia llanosmartinsi, Lutzomyia c. carrerai, Lutzomyia dendrophyla, Lutzomyia nevesi and Lutzomyia whitmani. All sand flies identified as vectors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, i.e., Lu. davisi, Lu. umbratilis, Lu. c. carrerai and Lu. whitmani, were found in the surveyed areas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Psychodidae/classification , Brazil , Insect Vectors/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission
11.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(7): 1486-1492, jul. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517689

ABSTRACT

Em Rondônia, prevê-se a construção de mais duas usinas hidrelétricas (UHE) no rio Madeira, a montante da cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil (de Santo Antônio e Jirau). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência da malária antes do início da implantação das obras civis e fazer considerações sobre os impactos da doença com o ingresso de milhares de trabalhadores e agregados atraídos pelas oportunidades de emprego e comércio. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a malária se faz presente em toda região, em variados graus de prevalência. Além disso, a existência de potenciais portadores assintomáticos de malária entre a população nativa pode ter relevância epidemiológica e deve ser considerada nos programas de controle da malária, vinda tanto das autoridades públicas quanto das empresas responsáveis pela instalação das UHE, visando o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, controle vetorial, abastecimento de água e aplicação de infra-estrutura nos centros urbanos.


In Rondônia State, Brazil, two new hydroelectric plants, Santo Antônio and Jirau, are scheduled for construction on the Madeira River, upriver from the State capital, Porto Velho. The current study analyzes malaria prevalence before the construction and provides information on the possible impacts of malaria burden related to the influx of thousands of persons attracted by direct and indirect employment opportunities. According to the findings, malaria is present throughout the region, with varying prevalence rates. The existence of potential asymptomatic malaria carriers among the local population may be epidemiologically relevant and should be considered in the malaria control programs organized by public authorities and companies responsible for building the power plants, aimed at early diagnosis and treatment, vector control, water supply, and infrastructure in the urban areas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Power Plants , Anemia/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Rivers , Young Adult
12.
Estud. av ; 22(64): 111-141, 2008. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500274

ABSTRACT

Após fazer uma análise da evolução da malária na Amazônia brasileira, detalhando em particular a situação em Rondônia e no município de Porto Velho, onde ocorreram episódios dramáticos de epidemias de malária no passado, os autores apresentam o quadro atual da prevalência de malária nas áreas do Vale do Rio Madeira, que sofrerão impactos com a construção das hidrelétricas de Santo Antônio e Jirau, e alertam sobre a situação particular da malária em áreas ribeirinhas. Nessas áreas, observam-se alta incidência de malária vivax e falciparum, a presença de grande número de portadores assintomáticos de parasitas e altas densidades do vetor Anopheles darlingi o ano todo. Esses elementos, associados à provável chegada de migrantes oriundos de áreas não-endêmicas de Rondônia e de outros Estados do país, atraídos pela possibilidade de trabalho nessas hidrelétricas e oportunidades de comércio, lazer, educação e atividades domésticas, criam condições favoráveis à ocorrência de epidemias de malária e de outras doenças tropicais se não forem realizadas intervenções adequadas de controle, em particular no domínio do saneamento.


Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Anopheles/parasitology , Hydroelectric Power Plants (Environmental Health) , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Epidemics , Malaria/epidemiology , Power Plants , Carrier State , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum/physiopathology , Malaria, Vivax/physiopathology
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(3): 263-270, June 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452501

ABSTRACT

Cross sectional studies on malaria prevalence was performed in 2001, 2002, and 2004 in Vila Candelária, an urban riverside area of Porto Velho, Rondônia, in the Brazilian Western Amazon, followed by longitudinal surveys on malaria incidence. Vila Candelária is a working class district, provided with electricity, water supply, and basic sanitation. Previous preliminary surveys indicated high malaria incidence in this community. At the end of year 2000 regular diagnostic and treatment measures for malaria were introduced, with active search of febrile cases among residents. Despite of both rapid treatment of cases and relative good sanitary and housing conditions, the malaria incidence persisted at high levels during the following years with an annual parasite index of 150 to 300/1000 inhabitants. Parasite surveys in 2001, 2002, and 2004 achieved through microscopy and polymerase chain reaction to diagnose malaria showed a constant high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers for both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites. It was concluded that asymptomatic carriers represent an important reservoirs of parasites and that the carriers might contribute to maintaining the high level of transmission. Comparing our findings to similar geo-demographic situations found in other important urban communities of the Brazilian Amazon, we propose that asymptomatic carriers could explain malaria's outbreaks like the one recently observed in Manaus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Carrier State/epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Carrier State/diagnosis , Epidemiologic Methods , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Malaria, Vivax/diagnosis , Seasons , Urban Population
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(3): 271-276, June 2007. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452502

ABSTRACT

Longitudinal entomological surveys were performed in Vila Candelária and adjacent rural locality of Bate Estaca concomitantly with a clinical epidemiologic malaria survey. Vila Candelária is a riverside periurban neighborhood of Porto Velho, capital of the state of Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon. High anopheline densities were found accompanying the peak of rainfall, as reported in rural areas of the region. Moreover, several minor peaks of anophelines were recorded between the end of the dry season and the beginning of the next rainy season. These secondary peaks were related to permanent anopheline breeding sites resulting from human activities. Malaria transmission is, therefore, observed all over the year. In Vila Candelária, the risk of malaria infection both indoors and outdoors was calculated as being 2 and 10/infecting bites per year per inhabitant respectively. Urban malaria in riverside areas was associated with two factors: (1) high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in a stable human population and (2) high anopheline densities related to human environmental changes. This association is probably found in other Amazonian urban and suburban communities. The implementation of control measures should include environmental sanitation and better characterization of the role of asymptomatic carriers in malaria transmission.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Anopheles/classification , Insect Vectors/classification , Malaria, Falciparum/transmission , Malaria, Vivax/transmission , Brazil/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/parasitology , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Population Surveillance , Seasons , Urban Population
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